Ashtavakra Gita
Verse 1
The Verse starts with a question by Janaka to Ashtavakra, on
how one can acquire knowledge? How do I get liberated? and What leads to renunciation?
The verse has three question which needs to be discussed in
detail. The first question is to know how to acquire knowledge. But first, what
is this Knowledge that is being discussed here?
Knowing about Who am I? What am I? How am I related to the
universe around me? Who is God and How am I related to God? Knowing about this
is the knowledge that is being discussed here.
The above point comes with two broad categories being Who am
I and Who is God? and how these two are interlinked?
Coming to the first part of the question i.e. Who am I? we
usually tend associate ourselves to the body mind complex. But we are neither
the body nor the mind, but the silent witness of these two. This is what is
called as Atma and Paramatma (God) is all pervasive existence, consciousness and
Bliss.
The true knowledge here is to know that Atma and Paramatama
is one and the same. Realization of this is true knowledge. To acquire this knowledge,
we can read various scriptures, like Bhagvat Gita, Upanishads etc.
Atma is our true self which witnesses everything that is
happening. When something stings us, the body feels the pain and we say My body
is paining. When I say my body is paining, it means that I’m different from my
body and it is the body that is in pain and this is observed by me, hence I’m
not the body.
Then we think that the I’m the mind, mind and thought go hand
in hand and they are the same, mind does not exist if there is no thought and
hence when the body gets sting it feels sad and the thoughts comes up that it
is suffering. But again here we say that my mind is disturbed due to pain and
therefore I’m not the mind, as it is my mind that is disturbed and I’m
witnessing it, in-turn I’m the true witness of mind and body or the one who
illuminates the this event is the true self or Atma (Consciousness).
This true self is neither afflicted by the pains and
pleasures of the body mind complex and remains the same irrespective of the situation
that its body and mind undergoes, for this Self the body/mind is just like an illusion
that appears in-front of it. Meaning for the Atma the pains of the body and
mind appears in it and hence it’s an appearance, pain is either an appearance.
The existence of body and mind is dependent on Atma and
Atman is independent of the these two. Atma can exist without these two but
mind and body can’t (Imagine existence of anything without consciousness, it is
not possible, without consciousness nothing cannot exist, how can one quantify
of existence of something without existence itself without consciousness). By
this way we can understand the Atman has the quality of Existence, consciousness
and Bliss (bliss because there is nothing other than atman when everything is
in atman, then it means that everything is perfect, you don’t need anything, as
source of pleasure for everything everything is atman, hence it’s bliss, as
atman is independent and body mind is an appearance to itself, it is perfect
and hence blissful by itself)
God is traditionally described as Existence, consciousness and
bliss and by above interpretation of Atman, both are one and the same
The second point touched upon in the verse after Knowledge
is Liberation, the logical conclusion of the right knowledge leads to
liberation, which freedom from bondage, misery, Liberation completely
eradicates misery. A Jeevanmuktha (Liberated while living) does not experience
any misery irrespective of any situation that he experience, it is important to
note that realization does not take away the Karma that needs to be experienced
but rather removes the pain (mind level/ no mind state) associated to it.
Finally, the third point which is spoken here is about
renunciation, this is an important quality that one needs to develop for
acquiring knowledge about Brahman (God) and obtain Liberation. A person who is
attached to world or otherwise enjoyment will never be able to go beyond it as
Brahman is beyond all these things, if one wants to attain liberation (beyond all
bondages and limitations) can happen only with renunciation and associated
qualities